Tag Archives: Windows

December

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Posted on December 28, 2012 by

Overview

DrawingThis past year was different to the previous ones because we finally started bringing in other professionals to share the plan with.  Confessing what I planned to do made it all more real.  In exchange for bringing people in, I had to relinquish some control, which was also a bit of a stress for me.  But I have to admit that having someone else do all the work of drawing the elevation views did free me up to think about details…

I some times think of it as “paying for friends to talk about stuff you like”, kind of sad and it didn’t really work out as collaboratively as I had hoped.   And since I am paying most of them, I could never really trust their affirmation that I was sane ;^).

The plan had been to start construction during Q3, 2012.  It didn’t work out, primarily due to delays with the engineer (who slowed down the architect because he was waiting for the architect).

If those delays had a silver lining, it was that they gave us more time to figure things out and time to set aside even more money for the build.  It also gave me time to meet Scott who was building his own earth shelter near Battle Creek and I learned some valuable things there.  I guess I will just keep right on learning things and improving the design, but at some point, I would like to start building and let the mistakes fall where they may.  My wife and I just had a little discussion about what could put off our plans to start in 2013…  That list of hurdles may be a good New Years post.  In the mean time, here is our year end update…

Plans

I went to the architects last April with a pretty complete idea of what I wanted to build.  I wanted help with the construction drawings and I wanted to get some perspective and collaboration.  The drawings are coming, and I certainly appreciate how delegating that task has freed up my time for details.  Collaboration (which I define as “talking thru ideas to come up with a better than either of us would have come up on our own) was elusive, but they did add a few good features to improve the design.

For instance, I had originally designed the front of the house with three concrete sunshades, but the architect combined them into a single one that really helped unify the front of the house.  He also improved the way the hall passed the sun room for better flow, adjusted the extent of the two smaller vaults for better rhythm and a few other things.  Some times, these changes caused problems that were left un-fixed… For instance, the combination of changing the way the hall went thru the sun room and adjusting the location for the end of the vault over the sun-room left us with a very undefined ceiling and load paths that hung in mid air.  I asked them about that for months without an answer.

Mid November, my architect mentioned that he thought his assistant had taken care of all our complaints and question and they were almost done…  I didn’t think so, so I went thru my emails (over 100 of them) and collected all the un-resolved issues into a ppt slide deck 21 slides long.   I mercifully broke things up so that each slide focused on only one sheet of the drawing.

These are sketches of the storm room that I got from the architect.  He never explained any of them to me (no collaboration)

These are sketches of the storm room that I got from the architect. He never explained any of them to me (no collaboration)

Some of the slides were short, such as the slide for the title sheet that simply pointed out an incorrect note about the foundations…  but other slides were quite long and detailed and included many points and drawings about various concerns that I had been waiting for answers to…  The architects took it pretty well, but over a month later, they are still working their way thru the corrections (and have not actually fixed that silly note on the title sheet) and have not gotten back to me on even one third of the questions.

The design development for the storm room never really got anywhere although the architect did send me a few sketches.  Perhaps these designs were not what I was looking for, or perhaps I was just looking for collaboration (an interactive back and forth exchange), but I didn’t like any of them.   I wanted something that would unify the design of the house, and I didn’t think any of these ideas did that…  Eventually this December, I sat down with my pencil crayons and solved a number of these problems so I could just present my solutions to the architects so we could move forward.

Our architect also drew up some quick 3D sketches.  We ruled them out for various reasons.

Our architect’s assistant also drew up some quick 3D sketches. We ruled them out for various reasons.

 

My wife and I met with the architect and his assistant the Friday before Christmas.  We showed our latest sketches for the “storm room” (the tower on the top of the house that will let us view 360 degrees of weather), and the structure for the entry and sun room (aka “green house”, but that would be hyperbole).  We also discussed our new window list and answered questions about the HVAC layout (ventilation actually).  While there, the assistant quickly modeled up something in 3D CAD (rhino3D) for the storm room and also showed us an interesting 3D model of the entry way in order to propose a new feature.  We liked his suggestion and are hopeful that the plans will actually be completed within a month or two, at least with the architect.

I am quite a bit more concerned about the engineer since we haven’t heard anything from him in over 7 weeks.  I will check up on his progress in early January.  The biggest mistake with the engineer was expecting too much collaboration instead of just validation.  I am sure it was frustrating for him since “collaboration” is not easy to estimate.  Now that I am neck deep, I wish I had been more specific about what I expected him to bring to the team, and I would have expected a lower price tag with that reduced uncertainty.

 

Sourcing

This past month, we meet again with Marvin windows and Pella windows.   Again, perhaps collaboration is a bit too much to expect from a window company…  But that really is what we wanted.   We originally planned on Marvin because they were one of the few American window companies that produced low-E glass with high solar heat gain.  They also had “push out” casement windows that I preferred to the crank outs… And they had very wide casement windows (possible due to their aluminum extrusion construction), french windows, more size flexibility, etc.  I totally ignored Pella for my first round, along with other “big box” brands.

Sherri and I never really liked the Marvin reps in our area.  Some never did get back to us with a quote (even though I visited several times) and the ones who did were a bit too pushy.  We got pretty far into the process with one location (that will remain nameless to protect the guilty).  Maybe it was just a generational thing, but we didn’t like their sales technique or how they talked to us without giving us useful information.  They used lots of phrases like “of course you want to buy the best”…  When I asked about how the features of a window affected the price, they kept saying they “hardly matter”.  For instance, I wanted to understand the difference between the cost of a round top casement and a regular casement mulled with a fixed arch top transom…  I knew the opening round top window would be more, but I wanted to understand how much more.  They went on and on about how I certainly wouldn’t want to even consider the fixed transom option, how it wouldn’t go with the style of the house and that the round top wouldn’t be much more expensive anyway…  Well a few days later when I finally got the price for each, I found the round-top was quite a lot more expensive.  Again, perhaps it was just their age, but they always acted like getting a price on anything would be a huge amount of effort and I had to come in to see them because it was difficult to get the quotes into an email…

In contrast, the Pella rep was very likable.  She understood that we wanted to understand the pricing so we could make good decisions.  She also joked that she was a part time marriage counselor  a roll we found she was pretty good at.  Every time we wanted to know a price for something, she would just enter it into her computer various different ways so we could see the effect.  This was enormously helpful.  She built the window list on her computer right in front of us.  We could see the options she was entering and ask her about adjustments, etc.  For instance, while the Marvin rep had hardly said anything about Tempered glass or given us the rules for it, the Pella rep explained all the rules (so we could design around them) and showed us the resulting price difference.  When she didn’t know something, she was frank with us and took a note for later…

Some of the windows from our window schedule.  The shape of W3 and the width of W4 were only available from Marvin

Some of the windows from our window schedule. The shape of W3 and the width of W4 were only available from Marvin

The quotes we had received from Marvin had ruled out the push out casements (double the price), along with French casements (quadruple the price).  We also found out that Pella now had the passive solar gain glass that we wanted.   We were down to a couple “special” windows forcing us into Pella…  These were a half arch top (W3) and its neighboring 40″ wide casement (W4) (Pella topped out at 35″ wide).   Not only would we have to pay the much higher Marvin price for these two windows (x2 for symmetry), but we would need to buy all the windows from Marvin (even the ordinary ones) and it actually more than doubled the overall cost of the window package.  Sherri and I liked the look of W3, it was one of the enhancements the architect added when he put the wide sunshade across the front of the house, but it wasn’t worth adding more than $30K to the cost of the home.  Neither was having W4 be 40 inches instead of 35.

 

Here is the window arrangement for the front of the house.  W3 tucks under the sunshade.  It is really a single window with a faux mull (to save money).  We decided to save even more money by making it a rectangle.  W4, the casement next to W3, would lose 7 inches of width.

Here is the window arrangement for the front of the house. W3 tucks under the sunshade. It is really a single window with a faux mull (to save money). We decided to save even more money by making it a rectangle. W4, the casement next to W3, would lose 7 inches of width.

We decided to make the switch to Pella.  We worked with the rep to adjust our window schedule to standard Pella sizes and tool that list into the architect.  One non “brand” change we made was for the 3 part windows at the ends of the vaults (W12)…  Each of the 3 sections costs the same price as a full width window of the same overall area, but the wall curvature forced us to break it into 3 sections.  The W12 combo of 3 windows was nearly $4K; since there were 6 of these, that would add up to a big headache.   We decided to reduce the height and have only the single central arch top for about 1/4 the price.

A CAD drawing of the rib, done by the engineer.   We talked a bit about this today and I would like to make it 4 inches thicker (12 x 12) so we can reduce some of the rebar.  I will also put some holes thru the right side so I can thread rebar thru and tie these into the central column more easily...

A CAD drawing of the rib, done by the engineer.

Another sourcing issue was finding a company to handle my precast architectural ribs.  I contacted a bunch of companies, but the first round were all concerned that they didn’t have the skill to handle it.  They were mostly experienced with highway construction or sewer components.  They did point me toward some companies that could help (the key was to include the work “architectural” in my search for “precast concrete”), but I have not received quotes from those companies yet.

 

Website

The website development is going slow (no blog posts in more than 7 weeks doesn’t help).  I did some work on some pages (such as this inspiring one on urinals ;^)).   At this point, we have had nearly 7500 visitors from all over the world (check out the map on the right) with a max of 127 hits on Nov 14th.

For some reason, my comment system has stopped working on the home page.  I will try to figure that out, but it looks like you can still leave comments if you browse to the post thru the tree on the right.

On the Houzz site, they did a bit on Hobbit homes that I thought I should post a link to

Oh yea, if you are reading this in your email, that doesn’t work as well as clicking the link and reading it on the website…  You get the pictures that way. ;^)  I also tend make a bunch of typo’s on my first draft that I catch 10 seconds after I post.  The live link includes any updates…

 

Eye Candy

And now the part you have all been waiting for…  A gallery of eye candy.

 

 

 

Resolution

I put this at the bottom so few will find it, but I here by resolve to create more, but much much shorter, posts for 2013 ;^)

Windows

Posted on October 13, 2012 by

Windows Make a Big Difference

This is from the Marvin Windows Website. It shows many of the aspects I would like to see in my design including the copper clad vault, etc.

Windows will likely be the single largest expense category for any home, and even more so for a passive-solar earth-sheltered home.  I have not actually ordered my windows yet, as I am still in the design stage, but here is what I have learned so far.  I am sure that I will add to and revise this page due to experience.

I already know that I am violating my own advice by adding too many “interesting” windows that are not cheap, but “the heart (or eye) wants what it wants” and I am not walking in blindly.

Under development

Save Money?

If you want to save money on your windows, you need to go with standard sizes and features.   Mass produced builders’ windows in the most common sizes are the cheapest.  The interesting thing is that the standard sizes change from window company to window company.  Some go with even sizes such as 28″, 30″ and 32″, while a competitor may use odd sizes such as 29″, 31″ and 33″.   I am not sure if this is just a historical/legacy thing or a cunning plan to make it more difficult to switch window manufacturers.  Some times window companies buy other window companies and add them as a new line.  These window companies continue with the same equipment and standard sizes which may be different from others under the same brand.   This makes it hard to lay out your window dimensions before you choose your brand/line, so stay flexible as long as you can.

Main windows often have more standard sizes than the transoms that are aligned with them.  For instance, Marvin has standard sizes every 2 inches for windows, so 38″, 36″ and 34″ are all standard.  But their transoms are available in fewer standard sizes and 38″ and 34″ would be considered custom sizes.

Not all window sizes are available.  Most companies limit their windows with a fixed maximum area.  This is to limit the weight and area of the window to reduce the chance of failures due to sagging or high winds.  This limits the height of wide windows or the width of tall windows.  Lower cost lines are typically more limiting.  The window frame material and glass strength also affect the largest window sizes.  For instance, stronger aluminum extrusions allow for wider casement windows than wood or vinyl windows.

The more interesting windows cost a lot more.  First, they are usually only available in the more expensive window lines, but even within those lines, expect a large price increase.  Here, I am shopping in the USA market, these options may be more standard and affordable elsewhere.

  • Want a round top? They are 4 times the price of an equivalent rectangle.  Adding a fixed half round transom is much cheaper.
  • Want a French casement?  It is at least 3 to 5 times more than a regular casement of the same overall area.
  • Want a push out casement instead of that annoying little crank?  Expect to pay at least double even though the mechanism is simpler.
  • Want to add a few inches past (or even between) the standard sizes?  You could easily see the price double.  For instance, the widest standard Pella Pro casement window is 35 inches (odd sizes), adding 5 inches to increase the size to 40″ wide is an option, but more than doubles the window cost.

Of course, specialty shapes such as chord windows are a terrible idea, if you are concerned with cost.

My design actually features Chord windows to fill the gap under the ends of the vaults.  If I use a single large (8ft wide and 2 ft tall) chord window, even fixed and without a sash (just the glass placed on site and held in with caulk and trim ) it costs about 3 times what the more standard casement style rectangle window costs.  However, my wall is also curved, so I can’t just use a single window to span the 30 degree segments, I needed to break it up into 3 equal segments and mull them all together.  The split and mull increased my cost by more than a factor of 3 for the same size overall window opening.  I have been told that the additional cost has to do with the trickiness of creating three windows that will fit together perfectly, and then mull them together, etc.  So at this point, quotes I have received from a number of companies show the segmented Chord window is about 10 times the price of the large regular casement windows on the front of my house.  They had not even factored in that it was bowed,  but I can only assume that would raise the price further.  If I had a single window like this, it would be bad, but I have 8, which makes it un-affordable.  We considered using flat walls so we could go with a single large chord window across each vault end, but ended up deciding against it.  Instead, I am considering cutting the shapes I need from 1/4 inch thick clear poly-carbonate which is about 1/70th the price and has an R value of about 1.5.  It is also many times stronger/tougher than glass and is UV stable.  It is less scratch resistant, but located high in the wall where nothing has an opportunity of scratching it.  It would then be held in with trim exactly as the glass version would have been.  Comments?

 

This Marvin Casement window with the “simulated transom” is much cheaper than it would be if purchased as a casement and a transom mulled together.

It seems like cost is not as directly related to window size as you may expect.  Combining a window and the transom above it into a single larger window will usually save a lot of money (provided it is a standard size).

 

Design

Design professionals suggest you keep to just 3 different window sizes plus one specialty window.  More variety than that can make your home look cluttered and a bit odd.  (more to come on this topic)

 

Low-E high-SGHC controversy

There has been a lot of research and development into improving window glass.  They have invented coatings that keep out solar heat gain and coatings that let it in.  The climate you live in, as well as the orientation of the window should determine which type of windows you purchase, but somehow, politics got involved.  I was not able to unravel all the reasons behind how the tax breaks are applied, perhaps it is due to the greater use of glass in the southern states, or maybe it is California’s fault, or some lobby group for the natural gas companies, but there is a regulatory bias in favor of glass with a low solar heat gain.

As a consequence of the federal tax breaks associated with this regulatory bias, window manufacturers responded to the misinformed public demand and almost abandoned Low-e glass with high solar heat gain coefficients.  As a result, those of us in the north half of the country no longer had easy access to the kind of glass that we needed to take full advantage of passive solar heating.

Several years ago, when I started my research, only two companies in the USA had moderately high SHGC windows, now I see a few more are responding to demand and providing some options.  But before believing the high SHGC marketing claims, look at the numbers.   Those manufactures that did keep higher solar heat gain windows used methods that kept the same manufacturing processes as their low SHGC windows, so the performance is much lower than is possible.  In Canada, you can easily find low E windows with a SHGC of 0.7; it is tough to get even half of that with the American equivalents.  This is because the truly high SHGC windows require a totally different process to apply the coating.

Why is this regulatory bias and tax credit unreasonable?  According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, Americans consume more than 7 times more energy for space heating than for air conditioning.  By some estimates, if average homes had high-SHGC glass on their southern exposures, it would save an average of 10% of their heating costs and this would add up to nearly a quadrillion (1 with 15 zeros) BTUs or hundreds of billions of dollars worth of energy.   It makes me wonder if the energy companies were involved with making sure that tax break only applied to low SHGC glass?  Or maybe congress just didn’t know what they were doing 😉

Sputtered low-E coatings provide low solar heat gain coefficients

Sputtered low-E coatings provide low solar heat gain coefficients

At least in the United States, “energy efficient” windows are designed for warm environments.  They feature low U values and low SHGC (solar heat gain coefficient), such as SHGC = 0.27.  The low E coating is usually on the inside of the outer pane.  Low-solar-gain low-E glass is typically made with sputtered low-E coatings consisting of either two or three layers of silver (also called double-silver or triple-silver low-E).

–Sputtered low-E. A multi-layered low-E coating deposited on glass or plastic film. Typically consists of three primary layers with at least one layer of metal. Sputtered coatings often use one, two or three silver layers and must be protected from humidity and contact. For this reason, they are often referred to as “soft coat.” Sputter coatings are typically used in insulated glass units with the low-E surface inside the sealed air space, but can also be applied to plastic and used in suspended films or retrofit window films.
Pyrolytic low-E coatings provide high solar heat gain coefficients

Pyrolytic low-E coatings provide high solar heat gain coefficients while still retaining much better R values than clear glass

It is also possible to get glass with the same low U values, but much higher SHGC  = 0.70.  These are much better for passive solar, but since the government incentives work against this glass, it is typically not available in the USA.  For these windows, the Low-E coating uses a very different “pyrolytic” technology that is applied on the outside of the inner pane.

–Pyrolytic low-E. A low- E coating which typically uses tin oxide with some additives deposited directly onto a glass surface while it is still hot. The result is a baked-on surface layer that is hard and durable and thus sometimes referred to as a “hard coat.” Pyrolytic coatings are typically used in insulated glass units with the low-E surface inside the sealed air space, but can also be applied to single-pane glass and separate storm windows.
Sputtered low-E coatings can be applied differently to produce moderate solar heat gain coefficients

Sputtered low-E coatings can be applied differently to produce moderate solar heat gain coefficients. This is what most American window manufacturers call high SHGC.

Since the truly high SHGC glass actually requires a totally different technology, many american glass companies that market high SHGC actually use the same Low-E coatings from their low SHGC glass, but applied slightly differently, such as on the inside of the inner pane, to slightly improve the SHGC.  If this is what you get, it is better than nothing, but be aware.

A 4th option is to go with clear glass windows.  With no low-E coatings to lower your SHGC, this is the highest SHGC you can get (~0.79).  However, I have seen various scholarly papers done by passive solar researchers (not glass companies) illustrating that while the solar heat gain is higher, it doesn’t make up for the higher nightly losses unless you have some good thermal shutters to apply whenever the sun isn’t shining.

 

When the government gets serious about Global Warming maybe they’ll fix the cooling bias in the regulations, but until then here’s where to go to get a Low-e windows with a high SHGC:  This list was current as of Jan 2012, but the market is flexible and may be out of date now.  For instance, I heard that several mainstream companies have started providing moderate SHGC glass in 2012.

–The Efficient Windows Collaborative provides a list of companies that sell high SHGC glass

Accurate Dorwin, Manitoba, Canada

Alpen Windows, Boulder, CO   http://www.seriouswindows.com/  Talk about a range of SHGC, but max out SGHC = 0.51, R=5.3

Fibertec Windows, Ontario, Canada  http://www.fibertec.com/   Listed on the Efficient Windows Collaborative site, but their own Website doesn’t really get into the topic.

Thermotech Windows, Ontario, Canada  http://www.thermotechfiberglass.com/   Website really talks about high solar gain…  A wide range of glass including low-e up to SHGC=0.70, U-0.29

INLINE Fiberglass, Ltd., Ontario, Canada  http://www.inlinefiberglass.com/   Listed on the Efficient Windows Collaborative site, but didn’t include high SHGC in their default literature…

Vinyl Window Designs, Ontario, Canada  http://vinylwindowdesigns.com

Marvin Windows & Doors, Warroad, MN (much nicer looking website than most, but you will need to call their technical support for architects and design professionals @ 1-800-346-3363 and ask to specify your own glass) http://www.marvin.com/

Some passive solar forums recommend Pilkington North America as a source for true high-SHGC glass.  The don’t sell windows themselves  but they provide high SHGC glass to other window manufacturers across North America.  There were two in my area, but both turned out to be small operations that couldn’t get it together enough to properly put a quote together for me.